Operations and functions in expressions
Operators
| Operation | Character | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | + | Produces the sum of numeric values. |
| Subtraction | - | Subtracts the two numeric values. |
| Multiplication | * | Multiplies the numeric values. |
| Division | / | Divides two numeric values. |
| Exponentiation | ^ | Calculates the exponential value of the given numbers. |
| Remainder operator | % | Gives the remainder after the division of one numeric value to another. e.g. 5%2 = 1, because 5/2 leaves remainder of 1. |
Expressions
Expressions are evaluated according to the standard mathematical rules of precedence:
- Expressions within brackets; innermost sets first.
- Standard operations order:
- 1. exponent
- 2. multiplication and division
- 3. addition and subtraction
- Operators of equal precedence from left to right.
The following functions can be used in expressions:
| Function | Syntax |
|---|---|
| Sine | sin(expression) |
| Cosine | cos(expression) |
| Tangent | tan(expression) |
| Arc sine | asin(expression) |
| Arc cosine | acos(expression) |
| Arc tangent | atan(expression) |
| Hyperbolic sine | sinh(expression) |
| Hyperbolic cosine | cosh(expression) |
| Hyperbolic tangent | tanh(expression) |
| Arc hyperbolic sine | asinh(expression) |
| Arc hyperbolic cosine | acosh(expression) |
| Arc hyperbolic tangent | atanh(expression) |
| Square root | sqrt(expression) |
| Signum function (-1,0,1) | sign(expression) |
| Round to nearest integer | round(expression) |
| Truncate decimal | trunc(expression) |
| Round down | floor(expression) |
| Round up | ceil(expression) |
| Absolute value | abs(expression) |
| Largest element in array | max(expression1;expression2)* |
| Smallest element in array | min(expression1;expression2)* |
| Degrees to radians | d2r(expression) |
| Radians to degrees | r2d(expression) |
| Logarithm, base e | ln(expression) |
| Logarithm, base 10 | log(expression) |
| Exponent, base e | exp(expression) |
| Exponent, base 10 | exp10(expression) |
| Power function | pow(expression1;expression2)* |
| Random decimal between 0 and 1 | Random |
* Use the list separator character as defined on your system: , (comma) or ; (semicolon).
Note:
- The constants Pi=3.14... and e=2.72... can be used in expressions. The constants names are not allowed to be used as a parameter or constraint name.
- The CLEANUNUSEDVARIABLES command purges parameters that are not used in constraint expressions or linked to dimensions.